Climate change has become an urgent global challenge, and its impact on the agricultural sector is significant. One of the most critical aspects is food security, which is at risk due to changing weather patterns, rising temperatures and climate extremes. Farmers around the world face serious challenges in maintaining agricultural production amidst changing conditions. A real impact of climate change is increasing average temperatures. This affects the plant’s growth period, reduces crop yields and increases the risk of crop failure. For example, rice, a staple food, is very sensitive to changes in temperature, which can cause a decrease in production of up to 10% for every 1 degree Celsius increase in temperature. Changes in rainfall patterns also have a big impact. In some regions, the rainy season has become more irregular, leading to drought or flooding. Agriculture that relies on rainfall for irrigation has to face major threats. In regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa, uncertainty regarding rainfall can exacerbate poverty and food insecurity. Furthermore, the increasing frequency and intensity of natural disasters such as hurricanes, floods, and drought threaten global food supply chains. Damaged agricultural infrastructure can slow down the distribution of agricultural products and affect food prices in the market. This can result in price spikes that are detrimental to consumers and farmers. Rising sea levels due to melting polar ice have an impact especially on coastal agriculture. Salt from sea water entering agricultural land makes the land increasingly infertile. Farmers in areas such as the Mekong Delta and coastal Bangladesh are particularly vulnerable to production losses due to seawater intrusion. Crop diversity is also threatened by climate change. Certain crops may fail to grow in previously fertile areas, forcing farmers to adapt to new varieties that may not have the same resistance. This adaptation requires a high level of research and investment, which is not always available, especially in developing countries. Climate change also affects plant pests and diseases. Warmer temperatures can lengthen the pest’s breeding season, making infestations more likely. In affected fields, pesticide use may increase, which could lead to greater health and environmental problems. From a social perspective, the impact of climate change on agriculture could lead to mass migration, where farmers who can no longer defend their land may be forced to move to new areas. This can lead to social tensions and conflict between new arrivals and local residents. Innovations in agricultural techniques, such as precision farming and the adoption of climate-resistant varieties, are key to overcoming these challenges. Efficient water management technology is also important to overcome the threat of drought. Sustainability approaches such as agroecology will also help reduce the impacts of climate change and increase food security. Climate change is not only a challenge, but also an opportunity to reform agricultural practices towards sustainability. A global commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing awareness of the importance of food security can trigger positive change for the future of global agriculture.